Which tasks are exposed
Risk applies to individual tasks—not to a person or an entire occupation.
Task Risk clarifying requirements and acceptance criteria 68% designing the solution 63% writing or configuring software 59% automated testing 54% diagnosing defects 48% checking security and performance 38% documenting decisions 27% releasing and supporting changes 19%
What the score means
The score for Systems Programmer reflects the share of formalised repeatable work, the availability of digital data and the feasibility of robotics. Tasks involving accountability, physical variability and professional judgement are much better protected.
The index reflects potential technology exposure of occupational tasks and is not the probability that a particular person will lose their job.
AI exposure ? The share of cognitive, textual, visual or analytical work that current AI systems can technically assist with or perform.
79%
Robotics ? The extent to which robots, autonomous machinery and computer vision can perform physical operations in a prepared environment.
3%
Routine work ? The share of operations that repeat, follow stable rules and produce a predictable result.
62%
Digitalization ? How much of the input, workflow and output already exists in digital form.
97%
Business incentive ? The economic incentive to automate based on task volume, labor cost, frequency and implementation cost.
58%
Human moat ? Protection created by accountability, trust, empathy, licensing, negotiation and unpredictable real-world environments.
54%